Combustion engine



E. DAIBER coMBUsTIoN ENGINE April 13, 1937.

Filed June 20, 1952 lhvenbow. l Ehnsb Dabeh l-is Att; orwell.

Patented pr. 13, 1937 PATENT OFFICE CONIBUSTION vENGINE Ernst Daiber, Berlin-Lichterfelde-West, Germany, assignor to General Electric Company, a corporation of New York Application June 20, 1932, Serial No. 618,373 In Germany June 26, 1931 1 Claim.

The present invention relates to combustion engines, particularly cylinder heads or covers for internal combustion engines and the like of the kind in which the inner and outer walls are made 5 of a single cast structure of suitable material such as steel.

One object of the invention is to provide a structure in which heat and casting stresses are substantially eliminated. Another object of the invention is to provide the structure with improved cooling means. A further object is to provide a structure which permits the flow of scavenging air to the cylinders with the least drop in pressure. Still another object of the invention is to provide an improved arrangement for uniting certain parts of a cylinder head or the like.

For a consideration of what I believe to be novel and my invention, attention is directed to the following description and the claim appended thereto in connection with the drawing which forms a part of my specification.

In the drawing, Fig. 1 shows a sectional View of a cylinder head for two-cycle Diesel engines embodying my invention; Fig. 2 is a cross-section along lines A--A of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a cross-section along lines B-B of Fig. 1; Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of the means of uniting certain parts illustrated in Fig. 1.

Referring to Figs. 1 to 3 inclusive, I represents the body or outer wall of the head, 2 are inner walls dening passages 3 for valve structures and cast together with the outer wall or body as a unitary structure open at both ends. A structure of this kind has the advantage that the core for casting it can easily be removed. The lower end of the head is closed towards the open cylinder 4 by means of a preferably thin base plate 5 of suitable material, such as forged iron having openings 6 registering with the passages for the Valve structures.

According to my invention I provide the base plate or closing member 5 with a raised edge or annular projection 5a iitting into a recess or groove 5b in the face of the body. Leakage is prevented by soldering, welding or brazing the edge of the plate to the adjacent portion of the body as illustrated and described in connection with Fig. 4. A lower edge of the base plate engages the wall of the cylinder and may be separated therefrom by a packing ring as indicated and clearly shown in Fig. 4. With this arrangement, the parts cannot separate during non-uniform cooling as the welded or soldered connection between the base plate and the body of the head prevents the formation of gaps.

(Cl. 12S- 177) 8 designates bushings which may be shrunk into recesses of the inner walls for holding the base plate 5 in position, as well asfor dening seats for valve structures to be inserted into passages 3. At the same time these'bushings form packing 5 rings which vprevent leakage of fluid along the inner walls of the cylinder head.

According to my invention I provide within the lower part of the head a partition or partitions 9 defining with lower portions of the body, the inner walls and the base plate a cooling chamber I0 through which cooling medium is passed. Within this chamber I arrange ribs I I which may be of any suitable form, for example, spiral ribs, as shown in Fig. 3. These ribs dene a channel I2 for properly guiding the cooling medium to the parts to be cooled. Preferably I provide a cooling channel with varying cross-section for changing the velocity of the cooling medium, the crosssection of the channel being decreased wherever better heat dissipation is desired. As clearly indicated in Fig. 3, the spiral II defines a channel decreasingin cross section as it approaches the space between the walls 2 dening the passages 3. This decreasing cross section effects increased velocity of the cooling medium as it passes the Walls 2 defining the passages 3, thereby effecting improved cooling of said Walls and the valve means to be disposed within the passages. In order to make the cooling chamber accessible for cleaning and other purposes, I provide openings I3 shown in the present instance in partition 9. I4 are plugs for closing the openings. I5 designates an opening in the body through which cooling medium is supplied to the cooling chamber. The cooling medium is discharged through another opening or passage, in the present instance shown as a riser I6. Compared with the total height of the cylinder head I prefer to make the cooling chamber low to cause a greater velocity of the circulated cooling medium. In the present example, the height oi the cooling chamber is in the order of one-third of that of the head.

In the embodiment shown in Figs. 1 to 3 inclusive the upper part of the vcylinder head is open 40 towards the atmosphere and not cooled. Provided between the upper parts of the body and the inner walls are Webs I'I shown in Fig. 2 forming a part of the cast structure for reinforcing the upper part of the head.

In Fig. 4, where I have illustrated to an enlarged scale theV means for uniting a plate to a body in accordance with my invention, 36 represents the lower part of the body I, 5 the base plate which has a raised and reinforced edge or annular pro- 10 head. This arrangement affords an initial loose lt only between the raised edge portion of theV base plate and the groove or recess in the head. In other words, it overcomes the necessity of accurately machining and fitting together these 15 parts. For this purpose an inner portion 413 .of

the head is provided with a recess 44 adjacent the raised edge portion. This recess and the clearance defined between the raised edge portion and the groove are iilled with solder or like bind- 20 ing or sealing material, as indicated at 45, to prevent leakage between the head .and the base plate. For soldering or brazing the raised edge portion of the base plate into the groove of the head, the latter is positioned so that the groove or 25 recess faces upwardly. Solder or like material is then placed into the groove, the cover or base plate assembled with the head and the structure preferably subjected to a hydrogen atmosphere of proper temperature.

With my invention I have accomplished an improved construction of a cylinder head for combustion engines in which heat and casting stresses are substantially eliminated, making the head more reliable in service. With the open construction the head can be manufactured at lower cost, and the particular cooling arrangement permits an effective cooling of the structure and thus prevents damage of valves or like parts provided in connection therewith.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is,-

YIn combination, a cylinder, a head and a base plate for the head having a reinforced, raised edge portion. projecting into an annular recess in the head, means for uniting the raised edge portion with the adjacent portion of the head, said means including binding material lled into an inner recess in. the head, and a packing between the outer joint portions of the base plate and the head and the cylinder.

ERNST DAIBER. 

